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Tears, panic attacks, stomach aches… Sometimes young children and teenagers become physically ill at the thought of going to school. To assist them, two psychiatrists provide their recommendations and shed light on what school phobia really is.
Does your child panic at the thought of going to school and nothing seems to calm them down? They might be suffering from school phobia, a disorder that affects 1 to 5% of students in France, according to national education statistics. Unlike a simple rough patch, this anxiety completely paralyzes a child when faced with school. How can you tell if your child has a school phobia? What can you do to help? Child and adolescent psychiatrists Marie-France Leheuzey and Marie Rose Moro offer their advice.
What is School Phobia?
“The term ‘school phobia’ isn’t quite accurate because the child isn’t ‘afraid’ of school: they simply can’t bring themselves to go,” explains Marie-France Leheuzey. The child develops a “disgust for school”, which makes them feel nauseous just at the thought of it, adds Marie Rose Moro. This state of mind prevents them from attending classes.
What are the Symptoms of School Phobia?
When a child no longer wants to attend school, it often leads to physical symptoms and other less visible signs. These symptoms typically appear in the morning before school or on Sunday evening before the week starts. Teenagers may also spend more time on digital screens and isolate themselves. Symptoms of school phobia can include:
- Vomiting
- Nausea
- Headaches
- Stomach pains
- Diarrhea
- Anxiety
- Crying spells
- Sleep disturbances
What Causes School Phobia?
The causes of school phobia vary from one child to another, but often, some kids may face multiple stress factors simultaneously. In older children, these school-related anxieties could be due to threats, bullying, or humiliations in class, or simply the fear of a teacher, the fear of not fitting in, or fear of judgment and others’ opinions, especially during puberty. Another possible cause is academic failure, poor grades, and ‘performance anxiety,’ the pressure some children feel if they are not achieving good results at school. For younger children, it might be a case of separation anxiety from their parents.
Who is Affected by School Phobia?
Teenagers are more prone to school phobia than younger children. “The peak of school phobia mainly occurs in middle school, from sixth to ninth grade,” states Marie Rose Moro, noting that 5 to 8% of child psychiatry consultations in France are related to school phobia.
Should You Change Your Child’s School If They Fear It?
It depends on the situation, but experts generally do not recommend changing schools unless it is part of a plan agreed upon by the student and teachers. Some parents have switched schools multiple times without addressing the underlying issue. Other options might be considered by parents in coordination with the child’s educational team:
- Requesting a modified schedule at their child’s school;
- Enrolling in the CNED (National Centre for Distance Education), subject to prior approval from the academic director.
- Seeking permission for homeschooling, contingent on approval from the Director of National Education Services.
How Can You Help Your Child Suffering from School Phobia?
Beyond professional treatment, parents also play a crucial role. First, it’s important to recognize that something unusual is happening: therefore, be vigilant about any changes in behavior. Once the issue is identified, it’s essential to talk with your child and ask how they feel, emphasizes Marie-France Leheuzey.
In cases of confirmed school phobia, “a collective effort is needed between parents, the adolescent or child, and the educational team,” insists the child psychiatrist. Day-to-day, parents should also be careful not to stress the child by saying things like, “middle school is much harder than elementary, you’ll have to go to school alone, learn to defend yourself, work to get good grades…” Such statements could increase their anxiety and put additional pressure on them. Instead, staying positive will help to boost their confidence and self-esteem. The expert also advises parents to listen to their children and not focus solely on grades, but also on their social interactions, feelings, and daily experiences.
What is the Treatment for a Child’s School Phobia?
The treatment for school phobia involves several steps. Initially, a consultation with a psychologist or psychiatrist is necessary to make a diagnosis and begin cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) if needed. “It’s crucial to address the issue as early as possible and not delay,” advises Marie-France Leheuzey. Through ongoing support and monitoring, the psychologist will help the child gradually return to school. Sometimes, a temporary break from school may be necessary. In some cases of school phobia, a short-term medication may be prescribed by a doctor to alleviate the child’s anxiety and crises. For further advice, contact the School Phobia Association, which supports parents.
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